With more than 2.5 million Ethiopians living outside of Ethiopia, the diaspora is not only large, but powerful.
The Oromo are Ethiopia’s biggest ethnic group. In 2015, members of the Oromo demonstrated in a small town about 80 kilometers from Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa. They were protesting a development plan that aimed to expand the capital city into nearby Oromo towns and villages.
The diaspora supported the protesters through social media activism and satellite television. The anti-government protests came before the resignation of then-Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn in 2018.
Awol Allo is a top lecturer at Britain’s Keele University. He regularly writes on Twitter about political and Oromo developments. He does not think of himself as an activist. Allo says the diaspora’s activity and influence depend on how the Ethiopian government reacts to free expression.
When the new government came to power in 2018, the activism and influence of the diaspora lessened, he told VOA, because people in Ethiopia were able to express their views.
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who is Oromo, took office in April of 2018.
Generally speaking, Ethiopian politics “moved back to the country when the opposition political parties moved back to the country,” Allo said. But the diaspora has been speaking up again, he explained, because the government arrested some opposition politicians who had returned to Ethiopia.
Conflict in Ethiopia began again in late June after the killing of Hachalu Hundessa, a popular Oromo singer and activist. Protests, some violent, followed his death. Police arrested opposition politicians.
The government also blocked internet availability for 15 days.
Endalk Chala is co-founder of the blogging group Zone9. He is also an assistant professor at Hamline University in the American state of Minnesota. Chala says the diaspora’s powerful influence results from a lack of independent media in Ethiopia.
“There are two diaspora media outlets, Ethiopian Satellite TV and Oromo Media Network,” he explained. Both had been giving detailed coverage of the protest. And people in Ethiopia did not have any other choices, he said, “because there was no media, opposition media or independent media for that matter in the country.” So people could only choose from the two outlets.
In the beginning, the current government’s national unity plan had popular support. And many exiled opposition activistsand politicians returned to the country. In 2018, the government invited Ethiopian Satellite TV and Oromo Media Network to operate from Ethiopia.
Many other Ethiopians also returned in hopes of supporting the changes.
Ermias Kebede organizes events for young people in his community in London. He moved back to Ethiopia in 2019. But, he says, he soon realized not everyone there welcomes the activism of the diaspora.
He heard much criticism about the diaspora from coworkers and family members. “People saw the diaspora as more of agitators,” he says, but agitators who do not understand the effects of their actions.
In addition to using political pressure, Ethiopians living outside the country are an economic force. They send billions of dollars home to family in Ethiopia each year. After Nigerians, Ethiopians are the second-largest African immigrant group in the United States.
I’m Alice Bryant.
Marthe van der Wolf reported this story for VOA News. Alice Bryant adapted it for Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor.
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Words in This Story
diaspora – n. a group of people who live outside the area in which they had lived for a long time or in which their ancestors lived
lecturer – n. someone who teaches at a college or university on a temporary basis
blog – n. a website on which someone writes about personal opinions, activities, and experiences (gerund: blogging)
outlet – n. a television, radio, or publishing company
agitator – n. a person who tries to get people angry or upset so that they will support an effort to change a government, company or something else